2021年夏季新乡市城区臭氧超标日污染特征及敏感性

基于2021年6～8月新乡市市委党校站点观测的挥发性有机物(VOCs)、常规空气污染物和气象参数,采用基于观测的模型(OBM)对臭氧(O₃)超标日的O₃敏感性和前体物的管控策略进行了研究.结果发现,O₃超标日呈现高温、低湿和低压的气象特征.在臭氧超标日,O₃及其前体物的浓度均有上升.臭氧超标日的VOCs最高浓度组分为含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)和烷烃,臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和·OH反应性最大的VOCs组分为OVOCs.通过相对增量反应性(RIR)分析,新乡6月O₃超标日臭氧生成处于VOCs控制区,7月和8月处于VOCs和氮氧化物(NO_x)协同控制区,臭氧生成对烯烃和OVOCs最为敏感.6月各前体物的RIR值在一天中会发生变化,但始终保持为VOCs控制区;7月和8月在上午为VOCs控制区,中午为协同控制区,下午分别为协同控制区和NO_x控制区.通过模拟不同前体物削减情景,结果表明削减VOCs始终有利于管控臭氧,而削减NO_x     

改善北京市大气环境质量中居民支付意愿的影响因素分析

本文旨在用统计的方法 ,分析影响北京市居民为改善大气环境质量而付费的支付意愿的主要社会经济因素。分析结果表明 ,对被调查者支付意愿影响最显著的因素是家庭收入 ,其次是年龄、家庭人口数和教育水平。其中 ,收入和教育水平对支付意愿的影响为正 ,年龄和家庭人口数的影响为负。对调查范围内八个行政区被调查者的支付意愿均值比较显示 ,这八个区居民的支付意愿没有显著性差异。本文的结论是 ,提高收入水平和环境意识水平 ,是提高公众为改善环境质量而付费的支付意愿的有效途径     

润滑油基础油在储运过程中可能产生的危害和对策

分析了润滑油基础油在储运过程中,油品质量可能产生的不良变化和对周围环境造成的危害.针对这些危害提出了解决的对策.     

抗生素与三唑类杀菌剂混合物对羊角月牙藻的长期毒性相互作用研究

地表水中抗生素与农药的混合暴露及其潜在生态与健康风险受到广泛关注。然而,目前关于抗生素与农药混合毒性研究大多仅考虑急性毒性,缺乏其长期毒性相互作用的研究。以较为广泛使用的2种抗生素土霉素(OXY)、环丙沙星(CIP)和1种三唑类杀菌剂农药戊唑醇(TCZ)及其二元混合物为研究对象,以生态系统中初级生产者绿藻(羊角月牙藻)为受试生物,研究目标混合物在暴露时间为96、120、144和168 h的长期毒性相互作用。结果表明,单一物质及其混合物随暴露时间延长而毒性增大;同一暴露时间点的单一污染物毒性大小顺序为OXYTCZCIP;混合物毒性相互作用与浓度、混合物组分和暴露时间三者密切相关;混合体系的拮抗作用均出现在高浓度区域,而中、低浓度区域呈协同作用或加和作用; OXY-CIP与CIPTCZ混合体系的协同作用随着暴露时间延长而协同作用逐渐增大。研究结果对水环境中抗生素与农药复合污染生态风险评估具有重要的现实意义。     

有机磷农药对蛋白核小球藻的毒性相互作用研究

水体中农药复合污染产生的毒性效应具有潜在风险。为系统考察有机磷农药(OPs)混合物对淡水生态系统中绿藻的联合毒性效应,以马拉硫磷(MIT)、敌敌畏(DDVP)、敌百虫(TRC)、乐果(DIT)和氧乐果(OMT)等5种OPs作为混合物组分,运用直接均分射线法设计9组二元混合物体系共45条混合物射线。利用96孔微板测定5种OPs及其二元混合物对蛋白核小球藻(C. pyrenoidosa)的生长抑制毒性,通过基于置信区间的组合指数法分析混合物的联合毒性及毒性相互作用。结果表明,以p EC50为毒性指标,5种OPs对C. pyrenoidosa的毒性大小顺序为:TRCMITDDVPOMTDIT,OPs对C. pyrenoidosa的毒性大小受其中心磷原子的电正性影响;因混合组分的不同,部分OPs混合物对C. pyrenoidosa的联合毒性依赖于组分浓度比; OPs混合物对C. pyrenoidosa的毒性相互作用以加和为主,部分发生拮抗作用,发生拮抗作用的混合体系具有低效应区域呈加和作用,高效应区域呈拮抗作用的规律;与MIT混合的体系均有发生拮抗作用,且依赖于MIT浓度,MIT浓度比例越高,拮抗作用越强,OPs混合物的毒性相互作用与组分浓度比相关; OPs混合物的毒性相互作用组分浓度比依赖性与其联合毒性的组分浓度比依赖性规律不相关。     

Irrigation Water Allocation Using an Inexact Two‐Stage Quadratic Programming with Fuzzy Input under Climate Change

Agricultural irrigation accounts for nearly 70% of the total water use around the world. Uncertainties and climate change together exacerbate the complexity of optimal allocation of water resources for irrigation. An interval‐fuzzy two‐stage stochastic quadratic programming model is developed for determining the plans for water allocation for irrigation with maximum benefits. The model is shown to be applicable when inputs are expressed as discrete, fuzzy or random. In order to reflect the effect of marginal utility on benefit and cost, the model can also deal with nonlinearities in the objective function. Results from applying the model to a case study in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, China, show schemes for water allocation for irrigation of different crops in every month of the crop growth period under various flow levels are effective for achieving high economic benefits. Different climate change scenarios are used to analyze the impact of changing water requirement and water availability on irrigation water allocation. The proposed model can aid the decision maker in formulating desired irrigation water management policies in the wake of uncertainties and changing environment.     

Distribution of quinolone and macrolide resistance genes and their co-occurrence with heavy metal resistance genes in vegetable soils with long-term application of manure

The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become an increasingly serious global public health issue. This study investigated the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ARB and ARGs in greenhouse vegetable soils with long-term application of manure. Five typical ARGs, four heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), and two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The amount of ARB in manure-improved soil greatly exceeded that in control soil, and the bacterial resistance rate decreased significantly with increases in antibiotic concentrations. In addition, the resistance rate of ARB to enrofloxacin (ENR) was lower than that of tylosin (TYL). Real-time qPCR results showed that long-term application of manure enhanced the relative abundance of ARGs in vegetable soils, and the content and proportion of quinolone resistance genes were higher than those of macrolide resistance genes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that qepA and qnrS significantly correlated with total and available amounts of Cu and Zn, highlighting that certain heavy metals can influence persistence of ARGs. Integrase gene intI1 correlated significantly with the relative abundance of qepA, qnrS, and ermF, suggesting that intI1 played an important role in the horizontal transfer of ARGs. Furthermore, there was a weakly but not significantly positive correlation between specific detected MRGs and ARGs and MGEs. The results of this study enhance understanding the potential for increasing ARGs in manure-applied soil, assessing ecological risk and reducing the spread of ARGs.

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有机化合物水解的研究方法

有机化合物在水中的化学降解是其在环境中消失的重要途径之一，本文介绍有机化合物在水中的化学降解的研究方法，并给出研究实例。     

广西涠洲岛沉凝灰岩土壤粘粒矿物的研究

用X射线衍射分析和电子显微镜分析,对涠洲岛沉凝灰岩母质发育土壤的两个典型剖面八个土样的粘粒矿物进行分析研究。结果表明,离火山口距离不同的两个剖面土壤粘粒矿物组成不同,1号剖面以2:1型粘粒矿物为主,2号剖面则以1:1型粘粒矿物为主;结合其它分析结果,讨论了两个剖面土壤粘粒矿物组成不同的原因、对土壤有关特性的影响及其与土壤形成和分类的关系。